Description
ABSTRACT
This project “production of plane mirror using local raw material” is meant to study the possibility of producing plane mirror using sand rich in silica as its major local raw material.
Plane mirror is produced by casting one side of a sheet glass. Presently in Nigeria, sheet glass is not used easily produce and as such, the local raw material used in the in the production of plane mirror in this product backing paint. The facilities for the production include spraying gun and finger brush.
In the course of production, the silver nitrate was first mixed with a reducing reagent; we formaldehyde of glucose, all in a distilled water. After which the mirror backing paint was mixed with some amount of thinner. The float glass was then washed with warm water and allowed to dry. After drying, it was first coated with silver nitrate solution after the use of talcum power to rub on the back of the glass.
A second spraying of mirror- backing paint was done after the silver nitrate coating had dried up. This whole operation now resulted to a plane-mirror since a plane mirror is also a coated glass.
The reflection of the mirror was taken after coating the glass, while the refractive index of the glass was taken before coating the float glass to form a mirror.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i Title page
ii Approval page
iii Letter of transmittal
iv Dedication
v Acknowledgement
vi Abstract
vii Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Definition of the study
1.3 Aims and objectives of the study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Uses:
1.6 Properties:
CHAPTER TWO
1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Plane Mirror
2.2 Raw Material for Production of Plane Mirror
2.2.1 Sand
2.2.2 Soda Ash (Sodium Trioxocarbonate Iv)
2.2.3 Limestone (Calcium Trioxocarbonate (W)
2.3.0 Other Raw Material (Ie Additives)
2.3.1 Colouring and Decolourizing Agents
2.3.2 Melting and Refining Agents
2.3.3 Opalizing Agents
2.2.4 Modifiers
2.3.5 Cullet
2.40 Types of Furnaces
2.4.1 Tank Furnance
2.4.2 Pot Furances
2.4.3 Day Tanks
2.4.3 Recuperative Furnance
2.5.0 Glass Formation
2.5.1 Glass Melting Process
2.5 Preparation of the Batch
2.5.1 Melting Of Glass
2.6 Types of Glasses
2.6.2 Float Glass
2.7 Manufacture of Mirror
2.7.1 Sequence of Production
2.7.2 Cutting
2.7.2 Labelling
2.7.3 Polishing
2.7.4 Washing Operation
2.7.5 Silvering Spraying
2.7.6 Painting
2.7.7 Oven
2.7.8 Cleaning and Inspection
2.7.10 Drilling
2.8.0 Types of Mirrors
2.9.0 Optical Properties of Mirror
2.9.1 Refractive Index and Dispersion
2.9.2 Transparency
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Experiment Procedure for Production Of plane mirror
3.1 Raw Materials
3.2 Apparatus/Equipment
3.3 Preparation of mirror silvering chemical
3.4 Operational procedures involved in the production of plane mirror
3.5 Experimental Result
3.5.1 Refractive Index Of Glass
3.5.2 Reflection of Plane Mirror
3.61 Experimental Date For Refractive Index
3.61.1 Experimental Data For Reflection
3.5.2 Reflection of Plane Mirror
CHAPTER FOUR
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER SIX
RECOMMENDATION