Description
INTRODUCTION
Effluent impact on water quality is a point of great concern. This is because, it has been observed that the quality of water people use has a great effect on their health. If proper care is not taken to ascertain the characteristics or composition of the discharged effluent, then environment is exposed to numerous hazards.
One may ask what an effluent really is. An effluent is defined as an industrial liquid waste. It is characterized by the components used in such industries. This implies that the composition or characteristics of effluent varies from industry to industry.
Impact at the other hand is defined as an effect felt as a result of an action taken or a process carried out. It becomes pertinent to carryout Environmental Impact Assessment of possible action to be taken or projects to be carried out. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is defined as a management tool used to assess and evaluate any potential change in the environment (including air, water, land, natural resources, fauna flora, humans and their interaction) whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partial, that results from an organisations activities, products or services (Ofunne, 2002).
We are really concerned with the effect the discharge of liquid industrial waste (effluent), from Unilever plc and Nigeria Breweries Limited; have on the quality of water obtainable at the river where they are discharged. This impact that is our point of concern is dependent of the various compositions of the effluent and its degree.
Wastewater ought to be collected or a sewer system and transported to plant for treatment prior to disposal (Mark and Mark, 2008). Dilution into a surface water course and purification by nature yield additional quality improvement. The feat of this effluent discharge is that of collecting the water before complete rejuvenation for municipal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Statement of the Problem
1.2 Aims and Objective
1.3 Area of Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1 Historical need and Development of Drinking
Water Quality
2.2 Water Characteristic
2.3 Waste Water Characteristics
2.4 Water Pollutio
2.4.1 Water-Borne-Diseases
2.4.2 Water-Washed-Diseases
2.4.3 Water-Based-Diseases
2.4.4 Water-Related Diseases
2.5 Drinking Water Quality Standards and Goals
2.5.1 Primary Drinking Water Standard
2.5.2 Secondary Drinking Water Standard
2.5.3 How Standards are Set
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Sampling Procedure
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Parameters Analysed
3.2.1 Apparatus/Reagents
3.3 Methods used in The Experiment
3.4 Practical Results
3.4.1 Temperature
3.4.2 Colour
3.4.3 pH
3.4.4 Odour
3.4.5 Calculating for Hardness in the Samples
3.4.6 Calculating Alkalinity
3.4.7 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)
3.4.8 Dissolved Oxygen
3.4.9 Metals (Cations)
3.5 Non Metals (Anions)
3.5.1 Comparing The parameters with WHO’s Standard
3.5.2 Dissolved Oxygen Curve
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation
4.1 Parameters
4.2 Analysis of Physical Parameters
4.3 Analysis of Chemical Parameters
4.1 Analysis of Microbiological Parameters
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
Reference