Description
ABSTRACT
Urinalysis is a simple and cheep method off screening of systematic diseases including kidney disease and may open window of opportunity for preventing early treatment especially in resource constrained settings like Nigeria. The aim of this study is to determine the abnormalities of urine component amongst patients attending specialist hospital Gombe. A total of 150 patients participated in the study (Male 65 female 85 ) prevalence of abnormal urine component as detected by routine dipstick urinalysis. The prevalence of abnormalities in blood was 24.7% in female, protein 29.0% in male, urobilinoge, 10.8% in male biurubin 3.5% in female and ketones 8.3% in female .the prevalence of urine abnormality amongst patient attending specialist hospital Gombe is high in female than male. The abnormalities were found in the age group of 31 and above. Therefore, urine dipstick can add value to the management of patient specialist hospital Gombe.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content Pages
Declaration iii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgement vi
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background Of The Study
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
1.3.0 Aims and Objectives
1.3.1 Aim
1.3.2 Objective Of The Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Kidney
2.2 Urine Formation
2.2.1 Glomerular Filtration
2.2.2 Selective Reabsorption
2.2.3 Secretion
2.3 Composition Of Urine
2.3.1 Volume
2.3.2 Specific Gravity
2.3.3 Color
2.3.4 Odour
2.3.5 Foam
2.3.6 PH
2.4 Collections Of Urine Sample
2.4.1 Random Sample Collection
2.4.2 Early Morning Sample Collection
2.4.3 Midstream Clean Catch Specimen Collection
2.5 Urine Preservative
2.6 Urinalysis
2.6.1 Macroscopic Examination
2.6.2 Microscopic Examination
2.6.3.0 Qualitative Test For Chemical Analysis Of Protein
2.6 .3.1 Boiling And Acetic Acid Test
2.6.3.2 Method
2.6.3.3 Test Strip For Lro’i’ein
2.6.3.4 Albustix: Principle
2.7 Dipstick Urinalysis
2.7.1 Urinary PH
2.7.2 Hematuria
2.7.3 Proteinuria
2.7.7 Nitrites And Leukocytes Esterase
2.7.8 Bilirubin And Urobilinogen
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Study Population And Sample
3.3 Sampling And Sampling Size Technique
3.4 Method of data analysis
3.5 Materials (Apparatus) Used
3.6 Method Of Collecting Sampling
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendation
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References